Alkenes: CnH2n

 

ie every double bond = -2 H's

 

cyclohexames = CnHn

primary secondary tertiary

 

the halogen or alcohol is attached to a carbon that is attached to 1/2/3 other carbons

if primary then on the end of chain

secondary = middle of chain

tertiary = middle of chain + branch

alcohols: CnH2n+1OH

*just put moi foot in teh dogs' water bowl* >.<

Ew xD

http://imgur.com/gallery/hIwe1qV

The Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem states that every bounded sequence has a convergent subsequence

Intermediate Value Theorem

If f is a continuous function and I is an interval in its domain, then f(I) is also an interval

http://imgur.com/gallery/tNDMA0W

there are addition, substitution and elimination reactions

under those you have

 

Hydration - add H2O so you get one more H and OH alcohol

 

Hydrogenation: Add H2

 

Halogenation: add halogenation

 

and hydrohalogenation

the de- all those for elimination

you can also crack alkanes or burn the hydrocarbons

Addition reactions - unsaturated compounds becoming saturated compounds

reaction conditions:

 

Hydrogenation - dissolve in non-polar solvent + high temp catalyst like Ni,Pt or Pd

 

remember the hydrogenation of vegetable oil

Hydrohalogenation: no water present

THe hydrogen adds to the carbon with the most carbons on it already, the halogen onto the most substituted carbon (the carbon with the most carbon bonds )

Hydration: Steam and a strong acid catalyst e.g. H3PO4

you can test for double/triple bond by using Bromine

 

fast decolourisation of bromine = alkene - bc. quick addition reaction

 

slow decolourisation = slow substitution reaction .: alkane

dehalogenation and dehydrogenation no given favourable conditions

*dozes*

de hydrohalogenation: reflux with concentrated NaOH or KOH in ethanol

hmmm....

 

*bulldozes*